India’s Nuclear Submarine Program Races Against Time With Pakistan Seizing The Lead

India’s submarine modernisation program is facing critical delays that are undermining its underwater deterrent capabilities at a time when regional adversaries are significantly advancing their own submarine fleets.The eight-year delay in the indigenous Air Independent Propulsion (AIP) system has become emblematic of broader challenges plaguing India’s naval modernisation efforts, while Pakistan
India’s submarine modernisation program is facing critical delays that are undermining its underwater deterrent capabilities at a time when regional adversaries are significantly advancing their own submarine fleets.The eight-year delay in the indigenous Air Independent Propulsion (AIP) system has become emblematic of broader challenges plaguing India’s naval modernisation efforts, while Pakistan
Go to Source