DRDO’s Scalable Fuel‑Cell AIP To Anchor Next‑Gen Indian Submarines

India is advancing towards true underwater endurance autonomy with the
Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) finalising a scalable
phosphoric acid fuel‑cell Air‑Independent Propulsion (AIP) system for its
upcoming Project‑76 conventional submarines.

Conceived as a high‑efficiency, modular upgrade to the existing AIP intended
for Kalvari‑
India is advancing towards true underwater endurance autonomy with the
Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) finalising a scalable
phosphoric acid fuel‑cell Air‑Independent Propulsion (AIP) system for its
upcoming Project‑76 conventional submarines.

Conceived as a high‑efficiency, modular upgrade to the existing AIP intended
for Kalvari‑
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