India continues talks with Russia on Su-57E Felon to introduce first stealth fighter jets into service
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In an interview with Smita Prakash on June 21, 2025, Defence Secretary Rajesh Kumar Singh stated that India is holding preliminary discussions with key international partners regarding the acquisition of fifth-generation fighter aircraft. These discussions are aimed at identifying a potential interim solution as the indigenous Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA) program continues its projected ten-year development. Singh did not name any specific countries or aircraft platforms under consideration, although his remarks come amid increasing speculation about India’s potential interest in both the Russian Su-57E and the American F-35.Follow Army Recognition on Google News at this link
The Su-57E, the export version of the Russian Su-57 fifth-generation fighter, would be assembled at the Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) facility in Nashik, where Su-30MKI aircraft are already built. (Picture source: UAC)
“As far as our steps in this regard are concerned, we are talking to our partners on the fifth-generation fighter aircraft programme. As of now, those discussions have not reached a stage where we can start sharing this with the media,” Singh stated. Emphasizing that no decision has been taken, he added that “These are sensitive negotiations. When they reach a tangible stage, be it [the granting of] an Acceptance of Necessity (AoN), [the issuance of] a Request for Proposals (RFP), or [the signing of] a final contract, that is when the media will come to know.” The timing of this interview coincided with reports indicating that Pakistan is expected to induct Chinese fifth-generation fighter jets, including either the Chengdu J-20 or the Shenyang J-35, developments that could alter the regional balance of capabilities. These anticipated acquisitions by Pakistan have contributed to India’s interest in securing a short- to medium-term fifth-generation solution while its indigenous AMCA programme proceeds over a longer timeline.
Russia has submitted a dual proposal offering India both co-production of the Su-57E and short-term delivery of Su-35M fighters. The Su-57E, the export version of the Russian fifth-generation fighter, would be assembled at the Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) facility in Nashik, where Su-30MKI aircraft are already built. Russia has offered full technology transfer, access to source codes, and integration of Indian systems such as the Astra air-to-air missile, Rudram anti-radiation missile, and Virupaksha AESA radar. Localization is projected to reach between 40 and 60 percent. The offer includes an initial delivery of 20 to 30 Su-57E units within three to four years, followed by local production of an additional 70 to 100 units by the early 2030s. Additionally, Russia has proposed the delivery of 36 to 40 Su-35M fighters within two to three years as an immediate measure to address the Indian Air Force’s declining squadron strength, currently at 31 compared to a sanctioned strength of 42.5.
The Su-35M shares 70 to 80 percent system commonality with the Su-30MKI, simplifying logistics, pilot training, and maintenance. Both the Su-35M and Su-57E use the AL-41F1S engine, which generates 142 kilonewtons of thrust. Russia has also proposed future access to the Izdeliye 177S engine, which incorporates serrated exhaust nozzles for reduced infrared and radar signatures and is claimed to have a 6,000-hour lifespan. This engine, which debuted at the 2024 Zhuhai Airshow, has not yet undergone flight testing. Rostec, Russia’s defense conglomerate, has also proposed using this engine and other Su-57E systems for a potential “Super-30” upgrade of India’s Su-30MKI fleet. HAL’s prior production of over 920 AL-31FP engines is cited as a foundation for deeper local involvement. The proposal includes full system compatibility with Indian munitions and onboard systems already in development or in service.
India previously withdrew from the joint FGFA program with Russia in 2018, citing shortcomings in the Su-57’s stealth performance, sensor fusion, and lack of supercruise. Despite these concerns, Russia showcased the Su-57E at Aero India 2025 and Airshow China 2024. Observers noted several issues, including misaligned fuselage panels, inconsistent fastener types, and weapons bay doors that did not fully close. These manufacturing aspects raised doubts regarding the aircraft’s radar cross-section, with estimates ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 square meters, significantly higher than that of other fifth-generation aircraft such as the F-22 or F-35. The Su-57’s production has been affected by international sanctions and Russia’s reliance on imported or dual-use civilian electronic components. Only ten units were delivered in 2022 and eleven in 2023, resulting in limited operational fielding. Analysts continue to monitor the program’s development for evidence of improved production quality or avionics integration.
Indian military officials and analysts have expressed divergent views about the Russian offer. Former Air Marshal Sanjeev Kapoor described the proposal as a strategic opportunity, citing co-production, local content, and technology transfer. By contrast, former IAF Chief RKS Bhadauria emphasized the need to prioritize domestic development and stated that Pakistan’s acquisition of Chinese stealth fighters should not drive Indian procurement. Ajay Ahlawat, a former IAF pilot, raised concerns that the Su-57 may include electronics and chips sourced from China, which could raise operational risks in the event of a conflict. He recommended placing the AMCA under the direct oversight of the Prime Minister’s Office and assigning a three-star IAF officer to lead the program in coordination with the National Security Advisor. He also cautioned against dependency on platforms that may not be sustainable in a geopolitical crisis involving supply chain disruptions.
The AMCA project was approved by the Cabinet Committee on Security in May 2025 and has entered a new execution phase. The Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA) has issued an Expression of Interest and a Request for Information, with selection of public and private partners expected within three to six months. The AMCA is designed as a twin-engine, multirole stealth platform capable of deep strike, air superiority, and electronic warfare. It is intended to be developed in both manned and unmanned variants. Prototype development, testing, and eventual induction into the Indian Air Force are expected to take a decade. Singh reiterated that the AMCA program will continue in parallel to any decision made on acquiring an interim fifth-generation aircraft. The competitive model now in place allows participation from both government and industry stakeholders, moving away from a HAL-exclusive development path and aiming to accelerate timelines through broader industrial engagement.
Russia has also revived the concept of a two-seat Su-57 variant, a design previously discussed under the now-cancelled FGFA initiative. A patent filed in 2023 by the United Aircraft Corporation outlines a multifunctional stealth aircraft with two crew members and is aimed at export markets. Russian officials have confirmed that this variant is not planned for domestic service. The two-seat version is proposed for missions involving drone control, electronic warfare, and airborne command and control, and could be paired with the S-70 Okhotnik unmanned combat aerial vehicle. India has previously outlined interest in a two-seat fifth-generation aircraft for complex mission profiles and manned-unmanned teaming. However, there has been no official Indian response to this particular configuration, and development timelines remain uncertain. The aircraft’s potential alignment with Indian Air Force doctrinal priorities remains under internal review.
Geopolitical and industrial factors are expected to weigh heavily on India’s evaluation of the Su-57E offer. While the United States has shown interest in discussing F-35 sales to India, such discussions may involve preconditions, including the replacement of Russian systems like the S-400 with American systems such as THAAD. Transitioning to U.S. air defense equipment could be financially and logistically difficult across India’s territory. On the other hand, deeper engagement with Russian platforms may expose India to CAATSA sanctions and ongoing support challenges. In 2018, up to 40 percent of the Su-30MKI fleet was reportedly non-operational due to spare parts shortages. These constraints are compounded by the impact of sanctions on Russian supply chains. India continues to weigh the advantages of co-producing the Su-57E against the long-term objective of strategic autonomy and the operational and industrial risks associated with reliance on any single foreign supplier.
The Su-57E is the export version of the Russian Su-57 fifth-generation multirole combat aircraft, developed by Sukhoi within the United Aircraft Corporation under the PAK FA (Prospective Airborne Complex of Frontline Aviation) program. Designed to perform missions across air, ground, and naval targets in all-weather conditions, the Su-57E has a maximum takeoff weight of approximately 35,500 kilograms and can carry up to 11,100 kilograms of internal fuel. It is capable of reaching a top speed of around 2,600 kilometers per hour at altitude and has a practical ceiling of 20,000 meters. Its unrefueled range is estimated at 2,800 kilometers, which can be extended to 5,200 kilometers with one aerial refueling and 7,800 kilometers with two. The Su-57E’s endurance is approximately 10 hours, and the airframe is rated to withstand up to 11g in terms of load factor.
The aircraft is powered by two AL-41F1 engines, with future variants expected to integrate the newer Izdeliye 30 engine, which remains under testing. The Su-57E can carry a total weapons payload of up to 7,500 kilograms, distributed across six internal bays and twelve external hardpoints. Its internal weapon options include the R-77M active radar-guided air-to-air missile, the short-range R-74M2, the Kh-38 and Kh-58USHKE air-to-surface missiles, and guided bombs such as the KAB-500, KAB-250, and UPAB-1500B-E. A 30 mm 9A1-4071K internal cannon is also integrated, derived from the GSh-30-1. The avionics suite includes the N036 Belka radar complex, which consists of an X-band AESA radar in the nose, side-facing radar arrays, and L-band radars embedded in the wing roots. The radar system incorporates approximately 1,526 transmit/receive modules, reportedly built using Russian-produced gallium arsenide semiconductors. The Su-57E is also equipped with onboard systems to enable operations in a network-centric warfare environment and has been tested in cooperative roles with the S-70 Okhotnik unmanned combat aerial vehicle.
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In an interview with Smita Prakash on June 21, 2025, Defence Secretary Rajesh Kumar Singh stated that India is holding preliminary discussions with key international partners regarding the acquisition of fifth-generation fighter aircraft. These discussions are aimed at identifying a potential interim solution as the indigenous Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA) program continues its projected ten-year development. Singh did not name any specific countries or aircraft platforms under consideration, although his remarks come amid increasing speculation about India’s potential interest in both the Russian Su-57E and the American F-35.
Follow Army Recognition on Google News at this link
The Su-57E, the export version of the Russian Su-57 fifth-generation fighter, would be assembled at the Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) facility in Nashik, where Su-30MKI aircraft are already built. (Picture source: UAC)
“As far as our steps in this regard are concerned, we are talking to our partners on the fifth-generation fighter aircraft programme. As of now, those discussions have not reached a stage where we can start sharing this with the media,” Singh stated. Emphasizing that no decision has been taken, he added that “These are sensitive negotiations. When they reach a tangible stage, be it [the granting of] an Acceptance of Necessity (AoN), [the issuance of] a Request for Proposals (RFP), or [the signing of] a final contract, that is when the media will come to know.” The timing of this interview coincided with reports indicating that Pakistan is expected to induct Chinese fifth-generation fighter jets, including either the Chengdu J-20 or the Shenyang J-35, developments that could alter the regional balance of capabilities. These anticipated acquisitions by Pakistan have contributed to India’s interest in securing a short- to medium-term fifth-generation solution while its indigenous AMCA programme proceeds over a longer timeline.
Russia has submitted a dual proposal offering India both co-production of the Su-57E and short-term delivery of Su-35M fighters. The Su-57E, the export version of the Russian fifth-generation fighter, would be assembled at the Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) facility in Nashik, where Su-30MKI aircraft are already built. Russia has offered full technology transfer, access to source codes, and integration of Indian systems such as the Astra air-to-air missile, Rudram anti-radiation missile, and Virupaksha AESA radar. Localization is projected to reach between 40 and 60 percent. The offer includes an initial delivery of 20 to 30 Su-57E units within three to four years, followed by local production of an additional 70 to 100 units by the early 2030s. Additionally, Russia has proposed the delivery of 36 to 40 Su-35M fighters within two to three years as an immediate measure to address the Indian Air Force’s declining squadron strength, currently at 31 compared to a sanctioned strength of 42.5.
The Su-35M shares 70 to 80 percent system commonality with the Su-30MKI, simplifying logistics, pilot training, and maintenance. Both the Su-35M and Su-57E use the AL-41F1S engine, which generates 142 kilonewtons of thrust. Russia has also proposed future access to the Izdeliye 177S engine, which incorporates serrated exhaust nozzles for reduced infrared and radar signatures and is claimed to have a 6,000-hour lifespan. This engine, which debuted at the 2024 Zhuhai Airshow, has not yet undergone flight testing. Rostec, Russia’s defense conglomerate, has also proposed using this engine and other Su-57E systems for a potential “Super-30” upgrade of India’s Su-30MKI fleet. HAL’s prior production of over 920 AL-31FP engines is cited as a foundation for deeper local involvement. The proposal includes full system compatibility with Indian munitions and onboard systems already in development or in service.
India previously withdrew from the joint FGFA program with Russia in 2018, citing shortcomings in the Su-57’s stealth performance, sensor fusion, and lack of supercruise. Despite these concerns, Russia showcased the Su-57E at Aero India 2025 and Airshow China 2024. Observers noted several issues, including misaligned fuselage panels, inconsistent fastener types, and weapons bay doors that did not fully close. These manufacturing aspects raised doubts regarding the aircraft’s radar cross-section, with estimates ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 square meters, significantly higher than that of other fifth-generation aircraft such as the F-22 or F-35. The Su-57’s production has been affected by international sanctions and Russia’s reliance on imported or dual-use civilian electronic components. Only ten units were delivered in 2022 and eleven in 2023, resulting in limited operational fielding. Analysts continue to monitor the program’s development for evidence of improved production quality or avionics integration.
Indian military officials and analysts have expressed divergent views about the Russian offer. Former Air Marshal Sanjeev Kapoor described the proposal as a strategic opportunity, citing co-production, local content, and technology transfer. By contrast, former IAF Chief RKS Bhadauria emphasized the need to prioritize domestic development and stated that Pakistan’s acquisition of Chinese stealth fighters should not drive Indian procurement. Ajay Ahlawat, a former IAF pilot, raised concerns that the Su-57 may include electronics and chips sourced from China, which could raise operational risks in the event of a conflict. He recommended placing the AMCA under the direct oversight of the Prime Minister’s Office and assigning a three-star IAF officer to lead the program in coordination with the National Security Advisor. He also cautioned against dependency on platforms that may not be sustainable in a geopolitical crisis involving supply chain disruptions.
The AMCA project was approved by the Cabinet Committee on Security in May 2025 and has entered a new execution phase. The Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA) has issued an Expression of Interest and a Request for Information, with selection of public and private partners expected within three to six months. The AMCA is designed as a twin-engine, multirole stealth platform capable of deep strike, air superiority, and electronic warfare. It is intended to be developed in both manned and unmanned variants. Prototype development, testing, and eventual induction into the Indian Air Force are expected to take a decade. Singh reiterated that the AMCA program will continue in parallel to any decision made on acquiring an interim fifth-generation aircraft. The competitive model now in place allows participation from both government and industry stakeholders, moving away from a HAL-exclusive development path and aiming to accelerate timelines through broader industrial engagement.
Russia has also revived the concept of a two-seat Su-57 variant, a design previously discussed under the now-cancelled FGFA initiative. A patent filed in 2023 by the United Aircraft Corporation outlines a multifunctional stealth aircraft with two crew members and is aimed at export markets. Russian officials have confirmed that this variant is not planned for domestic service. The two-seat version is proposed for missions involving drone control, electronic warfare, and airborne command and control, and could be paired with the S-70 Okhotnik unmanned combat aerial vehicle. India has previously outlined interest in a two-seat fifth-generation aircraft for complex mission profiles and manned-unmanned teaming. However, there has been no official Indian response to this particular configuration, and development timelines remain uncertain. The aircraft’s potential alignment with Indian Air Force doctrinal priorities remains under internal review.
Geopolitical and industrial factors are expected to weigh heavily on India’s evaluation of the Su-57E offer. While the United States has shown interest in discussing F-35 sales to India, such discussions may involve preconditions, including the replacement of Russian systems like the S-400 with American systems such as THAAD. Transitioning to U.S. air defense equipment could be financially and logistically difficult across India’s territory. On the other hand, deeper engagement with Russian platforms may expose India to CAATSA sanctions and ongoing support challenges. In 2018, up to 40 percent of the Su-30MKI fleet was reportedly non-operational due to spare parts shortages. These constraints are compounded by the impact of sanctions on Russian supply chains. India continues to weigh the advantages of co-producing the Su-57E against the long-term objective of strategic autonomy and the operational and industrial risks associated with reliance on any single foreign supplier.
The Su-57E is the export version of the Russian Su-57 fifth-generation multirole combat aircraft, developed by Sukhoi within the United Aircraft Corporation under the PAK FA (Prospective Airborne Complex of Frontline Aviation) program. Designed to perform missions across air, ground, and naval targets in all-weather conditions, the Su-57E has a maximum takeoff weight of approximately 35,500 kilograms and can carry up to 11,100 kilograms of internal fuel. It is capable of reaching a top speed of around 2,600 kilometers per hour at altitude and has a practical ceiling of 20,000 meters. Its unrefueled range is estimated at 2,800 kilometers, which can be extended to 5,200 kilometers with one aerial refueling and 7,800 kilometers with two. The Su-57E’s endurance is approximately 10 hours, and the airframe is rated to withstand up to 11g in terms of load factor.
The aircraft is powered by two AL-41F1 engines, with future variants expected to integrate the newer Izdeliye 30 engine, which remains under testing. The Su-57E can carry a total weapons payload of up to 7,500 kilograms, distributed across six internal bays and twelve external hardpoints. Its internal weapon options include the R-77M active radar-guided air-to-air missile, the short-range R-74M2, the Kh-38 and Kh-58USHKE air-to-surface missiles, and guided bombs such as the KAB-500, KAB-250, and UPAB-1500B-E. A 30 mm 9A1-4071K internal cannon is also integrated, derived from the GSh-30-1. The avionics suite includes the N036 Belka radar complex, which consists of an X-band AESA radar in the nose, side-facing radar arrays, and L-band radars embedded in the wing roots. The radar system incorporates approximately 1,526 transmit/receive modules, reportedly built using Russian-produced gallium arsenide semiconductors. The Su-57E is also equipped with onboard systems to enable operations in a network-centric warfare environment and has been tested in cooperative roles with the S-70 Okhotnik unmanned combat aerial vehicle.
