India’s Submerged Second-Strike Nuclear Deterrent

India’s quest for a credible second-strike nuclear capability hinges on its burgeoning fleet of nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines, known as SSBNs. Hidden deep underwater, these vessels form the cornerstone of the nation’s No First Use doctrine, ensuring retaliatory strikes can inflict massive and unacceptable damage on any aggressor.Recent unacknowledged tests of the K-4
India’s quest for a credible second-strike nuclear capability hinges on its burgeoning fleet of nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines, known as SSBNs. Hidden deep underwater, these vessels form the cornerstone of the nation’s No First Use doctrine, ensuring retaliatory strikes can inflict massive and unacceptable damage on any aggressor.Recent unacknowledged tests of the K-4
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